Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Octopoteuthidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Pelagic-oceanic; 深度上下限 385 - 395 m (參考文獻 97142). Tropical; 55°N - 34°S, 170°W - 142°E (參考文獻 275)
Circumglobal, mainly found in tropical and subtropical waters but is also found in boreal and notalian waters (Ref. 7575).
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 170 cm ML 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 97142); 最大體重: 64.4 kg (參考文獻 97142)
Oceanic (Refs. 1983, 97142). Mesopelagic (Ref. 77090). Paralarvae and juveniles are epipelagic to upper mesopelagic, then undergo ontogenetic descent into the lower mesopelagic, bathypelagic and bathyal zones. Adults undergo diel vertical migration and ascend into the epipelagic zone at night. Juveniles have been captured at night within 175 m from the surface, while the remains of a large specimen (50 kg) were taken from the stomach of the bottom-living shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis, caught on a bottom-set longline at 1,246 m. A mature female of 1.4 m mantle length had 250,000 ovarian eggs. Observations on bioluminescence from living animals verified a rapid flash response from the arm tip photophores, as a startling or warning function, and a steady glow from the visceral photophores as is common for protective counter illumination. In situ video footage reveals it to be a strong swimmer, both forward and backward, propelled by its huge fins, and changes directions quickly by bending its body. Observed attack on a bait rig showed speeds of 7.2 to 9 km/h and emission of short, bright flashes from its 2 arm-tip photophores before it attacked. It also emits long and short intermittent glows when swimming around the lighted bait rig. Preyed upon by many species of pelagic fishes, including lancetfish (Aleposauris ferox), tunas, swordfish (Xiphias gladius), hammerhead, tiger and blue sharks, as well as odontocete cetaceans: short-finned pilot whale and most especially, sperm whales in all oceans (Ref. 97142).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (參考文獻 275)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 May 2010
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
漁業: 潛在的興趣
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工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度
(Ref.
115969): 8.2 - 13.7, mean 10 (based on 18 cells).
釣魚的脆弱性
Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
