Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; खारा. Tropical; 64°N - 44°S, 98°W - 72°E (संदर्भ 125423)
Eastern Pacific, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8812); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 300.00 g (संदर्भ 356)
Culmen: 5.8 cm; tarsus: 2.54 cm; wing: 32.5 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 91 to 94 cm (Ref. 8812). A coastal species (Ref. 356), found on beach and shoreline, nearshore and in islands (Ref. 116102). Primarily foraging inshore. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, they are known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. Breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties in nesting colonies. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and carry it in their bills (Ref. 95711). Displays plunge-diving behavior (Ref. 356). Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Stienen, E.W.M. and A. Brenninkmeijer 2002 Variation in growth in Sandwich Tern chicks Sterna sandvicensis and the consequences for pre- and post-fledging mortality. Ibis 144:567-576. (संदर्भ 5815)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
Population dynamicsबाढ़Max. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionबहुतायत Life cycleपुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.5 - 28.8, mean 25.6 (based on 3906 cells).
लौटाव
ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=54.13).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.