Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / গভীরতার পরিসীমা / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা . Tropical; 84°N - 36°S, 130°W - 128°E (সূত্র 124582)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / Weight / Age
পরিপক্কতা : Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 66.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (সূত্র 8812); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 1.1 kg (সূত্র 356)
Culmen: 5.09 cm; tarsus: 5.715 cm; wing: 41.15 cm.
Total Length: 56 to 66 cm; Wingspan: 137 (Ref. 8812) to 147 cm (Ref. 84934). Total population is unknown but with over 1,000,000 pairs in the Palearctic and over 150,000 pairs in eastern North America. Population has expanded and is now considered a pest in some European countries (Ref. 84934). Colonies of these birds can extend to 2 km (Ref. 87784). It has a 70% dispersal rate (Ref. 87790). Dipping; surface seizing; shallow plunge diving; coastal; <100 km (Ref. 356). Largely dependent on freshwater and terrestrial environments. Feeds mostly on non-fish vertebrate prey. In the North Sea off the coasts of Scotland and northern England, is known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Ref. 95711). Breeds colonially in a wide variety of habitats including roofs in North America, Europe and northeast Asia (Ref. 84934). One of its observed behavior is to balance between attack and fleeing, these birds redirects their aggression and attack to a substitute object like grass pulling (Ref. 87789). As for coloniality, they visit breeding colonies for a year to select a colony, a potential nesting site, and to obtain a mate to determine if the site is where young are successfully reared (Ref. 84934).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | Eggs | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | Larvae
Stiles, F.G. 1984 Status and conservation of seabirds in Costa Rican waters. In Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H. and Schreiber, R.W. (eds.), Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication 2:223-229. (সূত্র 5856)
IUCN Red List Status
(সূত্র 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (সূত্র 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
হাতিয়ার
আরো তথ্য
Population dynamicsবৃদ্ধিMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionপ্রাচুর্য Life cycleপ্রজনন
পরিপক্কতা
ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা
ডিম ছাড়া
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Physiologyঅম্লজান ব্যবহার
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.6 - 24.3, mean 10.1 (based on 3678 cells).
স্থিতিস্থাপক
উচ্চ, সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৫ মাস (K=23.52-45.31).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
