Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Stercorariidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others.  Subtropical; 82°N -   61°S, 180°W -   180°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic.  Subtropical to polar.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 67.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 465.00 g (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 3.2 cm; tarsus: 4.6 cm; wing: 32.0 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  46 to 67 cm; Wingspan:  96 to 114 cm (Ref. 8812).  Length:  45 cm; Wingspan:  117 cm in Ref. 91362. A coastal species,  <50 km offshore (Ref. 356).  Exhibits plunging behavior.  Kleptoparasitic (Ref. 356).  Piratical.  Breeds singly or in loose colonies (Ref. 91362).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 2.4 - 27.7, mean 12.9 (based on 5605 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.