Chlidonias niger, Black tern
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Chlidonias niger   (Linnaeus, 1758)

Black tern
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish.  Tropical; 63°N - 33°S, 125°W - 54°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 24.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 65.00 g (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 2.74 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 21.35 cm.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Total Length: 22 to 24 cm; Wingspan: 66 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). They disperse south to winter at sea on both coasts of South America and West Africa. Breeding occurs in Canada and North America, and in Europe from southern Scandinavia to Spain, eastwards across Europe and Asia to the Chinese border. Total population is approximately 500,000 pairs with majority in Russia and possibly 100,000 pairs in North America. Population decline is due to land reclamation for agriculture (Ref. 84934). Dipping; coastal; <4 km (Ref. 356). Found on beach, shoreline, nearshore and in islands (Ref. 116102). Black terns belong to the habitat category of nesting and foraging in inland habitats and come to the coasts during non-breeding season (Ref. 87784). It hawks for insects over land on mild, still days, but in cooler, windier weather they stay over the sea (Ref. 87787). Breeds colonially on well-vegetated inland lakes, marshes and peat bogs (Ref. 84934).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Stiles, F.G. 1984 Status and conservation of seabirds in Costa Rican waters. In Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H. and Schreiber, R.W. (eds.), Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication 2:223-229. (Ref. 5856)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Ecology
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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Abundance
Life cycle
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Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
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Larvae
Distribution
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Introductions
Physiology
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Human Related
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Taxonomy
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References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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