Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
पिलाजिक; गहराई सीमा 0 - 2 m (संदर्भ 119695). Tropical; 34°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and Antarctic Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8812); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 167.00 g (संदर्भ 356)
Culmen: 4.16 cm; tarsus: 5.715 cm; wing: 28.1 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 86 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). Total population is 300,000 to 500,000 pairs. Tropical populations are sedentary while subtropical populations are more dispersive (Ref. 84934). Found nearshore to <100 km offshore (Ref. 356). Breeds aseasonally and colonially on cliffs, flat beaches, bare ground, and in bushes and trees on tropical and subtropical islands (Ref. 84934, 87784). Double-brooded (Ref. 84934). Highly pelagic and gregarious. Typically in large feeding flocks far out at sea over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Foraging behavior includes dipping and snatching food from the sea surface (Refs. 356, 84934, 87784) rarely plunge-diving or settling on water (Ref. 84934, 87784, 91362).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p. (संदर्भ 84934)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
Population dynamicsबाढ़Max. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionबहुतायत Life cycleपुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
लौटाव
ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=9.04-38.85).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.