Aves |
Procellariiformes |
Procellariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 0 - 3 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 61016), usually 0 - 1 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 61016). Temperate; 86°N - 35°N, 180°W - 180°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 124582)
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 51.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 8812); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 580.00 g (Tài liệu tham khảo 356)
Culmen: 5.503 cm; tarsus: 5.08 cm; wing: 33.02 cm.
Total Length: 45 to 51 cm; Wingspan: 102 to 112 cm (Ref. 8812). A northern hemisphere species of medium to large birds. Ability to delay fertilization of ovum during breeding by presence of microtubules in the uterovaginal area as sperm-storage glands (Ref. 87784) Surface seizing; shallow plunging; up to 300 km from colony; ice-associated (Ref. 356). A northern hemisphere species and one of the largest global population of seabirds at >10 million individuals. Often scavengers; foraging technique of being able to harvest prey underwater (Ref. 87784). Largely dependent on pelagic prey. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, is known to feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Ref. 95711). Before pair formation, female prospecting period characterized by visiting different parts of the colony and even different colonies. Older breeders often return to breeding colony earlier than young birds and have the highest nesting success. Copulation takes place inshore and the delayed fertilization of the ovum happens out at sea, allowing birds to feed while egg is forming and prior to the long fasts during egg incubation. Monogamy important due to intensive nest site defense, that may extend for months prior to egg-laying; also as male and female share feeding and guarding shifts during brooding. Chicks accumulate huge amount of nonstructural body fat during development, up to 30% of body mass, prior to fledging; prefledging mass recession completely due to water loss in tissues as they attain functional maturity. Field Metabolic Rates (FMR) decrease with wind speed in this species. Vulnerable to long-line fisheries (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Eggs | Sự sinh sản | Larvae
Gray, C.M., R.A. Phillips and K.C. Hamer 2003 Non-random nestling mortality in northern fulmars: implications for monitoring marine environments. Journal of Zoology, London 259:109-113. (Tài liệu tham khảo 91621)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Các công cụ
Thêm thông tin
Population dynamicsSự sinh trưởngMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionSự phong phú Life cycleSự tái sinh sản
Chín muồi sinh dục
Sự sinh sản
Đẻ trứng
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.4 - 14.5, mean 5.8 (based on 2846 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=34.48-34.63).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
