Cephalopoda | 
Sepiida | 
Sepiolidae | Sepiolinae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; brackish; depth range 76 - 496 m (Ref. 1695).  Subtropical; 45°N -   30°S, 18°W -   36°E (Ref. 107067)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean:  from Spain to Namibia.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 2.5 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 104052)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Inhabits muddy bottoms; a sublittoral, demersal, or upper bathyal species found in depths between 76 and 496 m.  Found in the brackish waters of the Sea of Marmara (salinity between 18 and 25 ppt).  Species in the eastern and western Mediterranean (Aegean Sea) likely have an extended spawning period since mature animals are found throughout the year.  May ascend to the surface during the spawning period and has been collected at the surface at night using artificial light.  Caught throughout its range and consumed locally (Ref. 1695).  Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 107001).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric.  Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively.  Mating behavior:  Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation.  During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs.  Life cycle:  Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.) 2005 Cephalopods of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated catalogue of Cephalopod species known to date. Vol. 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 4(1):262p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1695)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
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					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 10.9 - 15.8, mean 14.1 (based on 159 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.