Cephalopoda |
Myopsida |
Loliginidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / ระดับความลึก / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; ระดับความลึก 68 - 431 m (อ้างอิง 114857). Subtropical, preferred 24°C (อ้างอิง 107945); 61°N - 28°S, 21°W - 47°E (อ้างอิง 275)
Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Western Indian Ocean: 20°N to 60°N, west African coast south to the Canary Islands and the Red Sea except Baltic Sea. Subtropical to polar waters.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / Weight / Age
วัยเจริญพันธุ์: Lm ?, range 16 - ? cm Max length : 93.7 cm ML เพศผู้/กระเทย; (อ้างอิง 275); 41 cm ML (female)
Maximum size for males is 93.7 cm, mantle length (Ref. 104052). Caught with very small boats, using jigs in daytime at depths of 80 to 100 m (Ref. 2760). Occurs in tropical and subtropical climates (Ref. 275). Found In inshore waters over rocky ground at the start of the season and on sandy or muddy bottom later in the season (Ref. 106900). Feeds on small, juvenile fishes, other cephalopods, crustaceans, polychaetes (Ref. 275).
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (อ้างอิง 275)
IUCN Red List Status
(อ้างอิง 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (อ้างอิง 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (อ้างอิง 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า
FAO - การประมง: landings | FishSource | ทะเลรอบๆเรา
เครื่องมือ
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
แหล่งที่มาจากอินเตอร์เน็ต
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.3 - 16.2, mean 10.6 (based on 229 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
