Pycnogonida |
Pantopoda |
Phoxichilidiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 4 - 5000 m (Ref. 1844). Tropical; 77°N - 56°S, 98°W - 42°E
Southeast Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Trunk slender, unsegmented; lateral processes at least twice as long as their diameters, with very small dorsodistal tubercles and tiny setae. Neck very slender, extending in arc well anterior above proboscis. Ocular tubercle slightly longer than twice its diameter; eyes large. Placed distally, proximal to small apical cone. Proboscis cylindrical, constricted distally. Abdomen tall, slender, with distal setae. Chelifores long, slender, with several dorsal setae; chelae palms rectangular, swollen; fingers slender, without teeth. Ovigers long; third segment more than twice length of second; 2 terminal segments with many setae. Legs long, increasingly setose distally; long dorsodistal spines usually longer than segment diameter; cement gland tube half as long as segment diameter; propodus long, slender, with 2 major heel spines, 4 setae, and long lamina more than half sole length; claw long; auxiliaries tiny but distinct (Ref. 2115, p. 54).
Bathymetrical range; intertidal to abyssal depths (Ref. 2015, page 216). Coastal to slope (Ref. 19). Epibiotic (Ref. 116112). Found on muddy substrate. A carnivore-scavenger (Ref. 96352). Feeds on hosts: Dynamena pumila. It seizes the stems of the hydroid using the apposition of the propodal sole spine and the terminal claws of the legs. Pieces are torn from the hydranth by the chelifores and transferred to the mouth where they are ingested (Ref. 12). Larvae frequently found on Obelia sp. and recorded as well in Clytia hemispherica (Ref. 121217). Feeds mostly at night, avoids touching the hydroid polyps, feeding mostly on the tips of spines (Ref. 121217). It also feeds on Syncoryne eximia (Ref. 12).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Development site of larval association: galls on Syncoryne eximia; in medusae of Cosmetira pilosella,Turris pileata, Stomotoca dinema, Phialidium hemisphericum and Obelia; and, inside polyps of Hydractinia echinata, Podocoryne carnea and Obelia (Ref. 213).
Raiskii, A.K. and E.P. Turpaeva 2006 Deep-sea pycnogonids from the North Atlantic their distribution in the world ocean. Okeanologiya 46(1):63-68. (Ref. 1844)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2.2 - 8.5, mean 3.6 (based on 333 cells).
Price category
Unknown.
