Ascidiacea | 
Stolidobranchia | 
Pyuridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Sessile; brackish; depth range 7 - 100 m (Ref. 1733).  Tropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean:  Sub Antarctic Region, East South America, Pantropical, throughout the Caribbean.  Tropical and subtropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1754)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Identified as a possible Lessepsian migrant, present at least in Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean (Ref. 85347). Found at depths up to 100 m (Ref. 1134).  Occurs in shallow water reefal and littoral habitats (Ref. 1754);  on soft sediments and among Thalassia sp. and less common on the peat bank and mangrove roots (Ref. 1758, 86424); and lives on ship hulls (Ref. 2673).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical.  Life cycle:  Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Monniot, C. 2002 Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean. Zooligical Journal of the Linnean 135:65-120. (Ref. 1733)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 21.8 - 28.9, mean 27.3 (based on 1858 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.