Polychaeta |
Not assigned |
Paraonidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 深度上下限 4 - 6 m (參考文獻 125323). Temperate; 61°N - 23°S, 127°E - 35°E
Western Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Western Indian Ocean: from Korea to New Caledonia, Canada and Europe then east to Red Sea. Temperate to tropical.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Found in fine, well sorted sand, coarse sand and fine gravels (Ref. 2780). A non-selective, burrowing surface deposit feeder (based from a species under the same family; Ref. 87179).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Polychaeta are mostly gonochoric (sexual). Mating: Females produce a pheromone attracting and signalling the males to shed sperm which in turn stimulates females to shed eggs, this behavior is known as swarming. Gametes are spawned through the metanephridia or body wall rupturing (termed as "epitoky", wherein a pelagic, reproductive individual, "epitoke", is formed from a benthic, nonreproductive individual, "atoke"). After fertilization, most eggs become planktonic; although some are retained in the worm tubes or burrowed in jelly masses attached to the tubes (egg brooders). Life Cycle: Eggs develop into trocophore larva, which later metamorph into juvenile stage (body lengthened), and later develop into adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Salazar-Vallejo, S.I. and M.H. Londoño-Mesa 2004 Lista de especies y bibliografía de poliquetos (Polychaeta) del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología 75(1):9-97. (參考文獻 8159)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
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營養生態學食物項目（獵物）
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食物消耗量
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最大年齡/尺寸
長度重量比
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基於模型的估計
價格種類
Unknown.
