Trematoda | 
Plagiorchiida | 
Fellodistomatidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Host.  Tropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Northwest Pacific, Atlantic and the Mediterranean.  Subtropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 0.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 359)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Length:  0.09 - 0.54 cm; cysts in the heart of a gray angelfish were 0.0218 cm; and the encysted worms were 0.0188 cm.  Minuscule to tiny fluke has relatively large; distinctive; tentacle-like papillae surrounding the oral sucker.  Muscular folds:  visible in the sides of the neck.  Ventral sucker:  large and occupies more than 1/2 of the body width (Ref. 359).					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Host Specificity:  No host preference and occurs in a wide variety of big game fishes and other fishes.  Damage to Host:  cysts in the heart caused little tissue damage and no noticeable host response.  Habitat (vertebrates):  bar jack; little tunny; Blue runner; crevalle jack; horse-eye jack little tunny; crevalle jack; blue runner; frigate tuna; skipjack tuna; yellow jack; bullet tuna; chub mackerel; skipjack tuna; rainbow runner; chub mackerel (Ref. 359).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Trematoda are parasitic, thus requires a host to survive. Life cycle:  Eggs are passed on to the feces of the hosts.  Embryos hatch into miracidia and penetrate the tissues of snails where they further undergo three stages: sporocysts				
			
			
			
			
			
				Williams, E.H. Jr. and L. Bunkley-Williams 1996 Parasites of offshore big game fishes of Puerto Rico and the Western Atlantic. Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environment Resources, San Juan, PR, and the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, 382 p. 320 drawings. (Ref. 359)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
							
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.