Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Palinuridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; depth range 0 - 150 m (Ref. 94065).  Subtropical; 35°N -   23°N, 121°W -   110°W (Ref. 108741)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Central Pacific:  from San Luis Obispo Bay, California, USA, to Magdalena Bay, west coast of Baja California Sur, and along the west coast of the Gulf of California, to Carmen Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					The Red Rock Lobster, Baja California, Mexico fishery of this species has been certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (http://www.msc.org/) as well-managed and sustainable (http://www.msc.org/html/content_1102.htm).  Maximum depth from Refs. 104103, 122112. From the littoral zones (tidepools) to depths of about 65 m, being more frequent in deeper waters with rocky substrates (Ref. 4).  Juveniles are abundant on exposed or semi-protected rock reefs densely covered with sea grasses and bushy algae (Ref. 104485).  Surf grass Phyllospadix spp. may provide nursery habitat for them (Refs. 104485, 104486).  Adults move into holes or crevices in the benthos (Ref. 106919).  They primarily feed on crustaceans, mollusks and vegetal material (Ref. 104103).  Adults consume algae, seagrasses, annelids, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, and bryozoans (Ref. 104485).				
			 
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Spawning is from May to August (Ref. 4).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 4)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 14.8 - 22.3, mean 18.4 (based on 12 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).