Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Penaeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; brackish; depth range 5 - 92 m (Ref. 8).  Tropical; 31°N -   18°S, 47°E -   154°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific:  from Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to South China Sea and Hawaii.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm 11.9, range 10 - ? cm Max length : 22.2 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8); common length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					From edge subtidal to depths of 60 m.  Prefers mud and sandy-mud bottoms; juveniles found intertidally (Ref. 801).  Juveniles are also found in mangrove creeks/inlets, intertidal mud flats, near inshore and far inshore waters (Ref. 121464).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric.  Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.  				
			
			
			
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 8)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: highly commercial			
			
			
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Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 24.8 - 29.1, mean 28.2 (based on 1726 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.26-2.5; tm=2).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (18 of 100).