Bivalvia |
Cardiida |
Cardiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic. Tropical; 23°C - 30°C (Ref. 102835); 13°N - 9°S, 109°E - 139°E (Ref. 106696)
Western Central Pacific: Restricted in the tropical western Pacific. From Sabah, Malaysia to Palau, north to Philippines and south to Indonesia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 41.1 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 117184); common length : 20.0 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 348)
Its shell is thinner and smoother than that of H. hippopus, usually devoid of pigmentation, and more semi-circular in profile. The mantle is similar to that of H. hippopus (Rosewater, 1982), except that prominent papillae line the margins of the incurrent siphon.
Collected for food and shell (Ref. 348). Found in shallow waters. Young specimens often byssally attached to coral heads, mature specimens lack a byssus and lay unattached on the substrate (Ref. 348).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Broadcast spawners. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833).
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Bivalves. Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda. p. 123-362. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 348)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Aquaculture: production; | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Resilience
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.13).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.