Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others; freshwater; brackish. Subtropical; 75°N - 17°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 124582)
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 46.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 404.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.54 cm; wing: 35.1 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 46 cm; Wingspan: 119 to 122 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal. Displays dipping behavior. Exhibits kleptoparasitism (Ref. 356). Yolk formation takes 5 to 8 days. Reported rearing of two broods in a breeding season. Fostering behavior where foster parents and foster chicks are closely related. Decline in population as an adverse effect of the introduction of American mink (Mustela vison) in the United Kingdom (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.6 - 15.1, mean 9.1 (based on 1464 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
