Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Subtropical; 62°N - 8°N, 126°W - 53°W (Ref. 124582)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean: Belize, Costa Rica and Netherlands Antilles.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 471.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.24 cm; tarsus: 5.08 cm; wing: 37.7 cm.
Total Length: 45 to 53 cm; Wingspan: 121 to 127 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal; <31 km (Ref. 356). One of the few species that nest and forage in inland habitats, and move to the coast during non-breeding season. Nest of simple construction. Embryos are exceptionally known to elicit parental incubation behavior by vocalizing. Regurgitated pellets cast by adults to feed its cheeks during the nestling period contain mostly earthworms or fish (Ref. 87784). Display dipping and surface plunging (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.3 - 27.9, mean 12 (based on 2049 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.