Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
. Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean and Eastern Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 91362); publicerad maxvikt: 3.1 kg (Ref. 356)
Population decline was recorded in the 19th century wherein 295,000 birds in 1956 became 170,000 birds in 1978. Threats include oil pollution, fisheries, and competition for food and space (Ref. 84934). This is a gregarious species that is commonly found in small groups and within 50 km of shoreline. It breeds in huge colonies in burrows (Ref. 91362), mainly on offshore islands (Ref. 84934). Underwater pursuit (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Harrison, P. 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p. (Ref. 91362)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Population dynamicsTillväxtMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundans Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
