Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Ommastrephidae | Todarodinae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Sống nổi và đáy; Mức độ sâu 20 - 4595 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 81305). Tropical, preferred 20°C (Tài liệu tham khảo 107945); 85°N - 6°S, 26°W - 158°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 112293)
Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic: Congo Dem Rep to Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Spain to Iceland, to Russian Arctic up to Sakha Republic.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 23.2, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm ML con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 3722); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 2.2 kg (Tài liệu tham khảo 120431); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 2.00 các năm (Tài liệu tham khảo 120431)
Common mantle length ranges between 25 and 35 cm (Ref. 3722). In the Mediterranean Sea no individual was caught in the hauls taken above a depth of 100 m (Ref. 81305). However, studies carried out in Norwegian waters indicated that it occurs in coastal and bank areas 80-200 m and even more superficially at 20-100 m (Ref.81307). It was also observed from the North Atlantic Ridge at a depth of 1947 m (Ref. 81308). Maximum depth from Ref. 1985. Demersal, neritic (Ref. 112172). Occurs from the surface to a depth of 2500 m (Ref. 2614). Juveniles feed mainly on fishes while adults consume crustaceans (Ref. 112351). Migrates to offshore waters during winter; spawning is thought to occur in the continental slope (Ref. 2614).
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Tài liệu tham khảo 417)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
FAO - Các nghề cá: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta
Các công cụ
Thêm thông tin
PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 2 - 14.3, mean 9.3 (based on 570 cells).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
