Holothuroidea | 
Holothuriida | 
Holothuriidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Reef-associated; depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref. 800).  Tropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific, except the Hawaiian Islands.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 118); max. published weight: 2.0 kg (Ref. 118)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Cuverian tubules are extruded almost immediately after disturbance (Ref. 800). It occurs in coarse coral sand, from the intertidal to a depth of 20 m (Ref. 800).  It is a burrowing form and comes out of the mud during cloudy days and at night (Ref. 118) being a nocturnal species (Ref. 85218).  Particularly prefers reef flats and seagrass beds (Ref. 85218).  Small individuals are usually buried in the sand while larger  specimens are covered with a thin layer of sand (Ref. 800).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Spawning observed in March and April (Ref. 800).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Fischer, W., I. Sousa, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Féral and A. Massinga 1990 Fichas FAO de identificação de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guía de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. FAO. Rome. 424 p. (Ref. 418)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				 | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.5 (based on 2973 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.