Aves | 
Procellariiformes | 
Procellariidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others.  Polar			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and the Antarctic.  Subtropical to polar.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 99.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 4.7 kg (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 3.32 cm; tarsus: 2.65 cm; wing: 53.5 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  86 to 99 cm; Wingspan:  185 to 205 cm (Ref. 8812). Scavenging; surface seizing, plunging and diving; coastal; pack-ice (Ref. 356).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Southern Ocean Mollusc Database (SOMBASE) 2011 British Antarctic Survey, SOMBASE. Accessed through GBIF data portal, http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/66, 2011-07-15. (Ref. 87340)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 2.1 - 15.6, mean 10.1 (based on 533 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=7.84-16.73).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						High vulnerability (60 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.