Articulata | 
Terebratulida | 
Kraussinidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Sessile; depth range 82 - 450 m (Ref. 1023).  Temperate			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Northeast Atlantic, Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 2.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3477)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Maximum depth from Ref. 79382. Prefers rock and shell substrates; shallow but more typically eurybathic; infralittoral-upper bathyal (Ref. 1884).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the phylum Brachiopoda are gonochoric.  Eggs are shed into the water and fertilized at the time of spawning.  Life cycle:  Eggs develop into free-swimming larvae which later metamorphose into adult.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Hansson, H.G. 1998 NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): South Scandinavian Marine "Lophophorata" Check-list compiled at TMBL (Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory). NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): South Scandinavian marine "Lophophorata" Check-List. Internet pdf Ed., Feb. 1999. [http://www.tmbl.gu.se]. (Ref. 1023)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
  Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 11.4 - 15.6, mean 14 (based on 54 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.