Cephalopoda | 
Sepiida | 
Sepiidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; depth range 10 - 100 m (Ref. 1695), usually 30 - 40 m (Ref. 346).  Tropical; 27°N -   10°S, 79°E -   125°E (Ref. 1695)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific:  Southern India to Andaman Sea, Gulf of Tonkin, Java, Sulu and Celebes seas.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 11.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 1695)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Common length:  4.0 to 7.0 cm (Ref. 275).  Common mantle ranges between 4 and 7 cm (Ref. 3722).  Usually caught using otter trawl, some using pair trawl, small catches using squid light-lures, traps and push nets.  Bottom otter and pair trawls are used offshore while push nets and lift nets are used in coastal waters and inshore (Ref. 346). Occurs at shallow coastal waters down to depths of 30 m (Ref. 275).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric.  Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively.  Mating behavior:  Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation.  During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs.  Life cycle:  Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 275)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
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Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)Diet compositionFood consumptionPredators   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 24.1 - 28.8, mean 28.1 (based on 164 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).