Bivalvia | 
Ostreida | 
Ostreidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; brackish; depth range 0 - 15 m (Ref. 348).  Subtropical; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 76803), preferred 13°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N -   30°N, 126°E -   148°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Northwest Pacific.  Introduced in the Pacific, Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 348); common length : 15.0 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 348)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					A major commercial species.  Introduced for aquaculture in many countries.  However experimental plantings in tropical western Pacific Islands often failed, apparently because of the sustained high temperature of the water (Ref.  348). Littoral and circalittoral rock and other hard substrata as well as littoral and sublittoral sediments (Ref. 1314).  It is a sessile-burrower, suspension feeder (Ref. 96498).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Bivalves. Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda. p. 123-362. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 348)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				FAO - Aquaculture: production, species profile; Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 7.4 - 22.6, mean 16 (based on 334 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.01-2.69).				
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (23 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 149 [71, 228]  mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11]  mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423]  g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.