Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 441). , preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (Ref. 4)
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material). Occurs at depths down to 90 m, perhaps even deeper; usually inhabits shallow waters and found among rocks, on reefs, eelgrass beds or in any habitat that provides protection. The species is gregarious and migratory. Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings, 物种外形 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
回复力
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
脆弱性
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
