| Main Ref. | Visser-Roux, A., 2011 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | two seasonal peaks per year |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Broadcast spawner. No mating behavior. Spawning is initiated by the release of sperm cloud stimulating the females to release their eggs. Life cycle: Eggs hatch into trocophore larva moving actively in the water column and shortly after develops into veliger larvae, followed by substrate settlement and metamorphosis. Also Refs. 81186, 105512, 105513. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |