| Main Ref. | Schwartz, M.L. and J.L. Norenburg, 2005 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found on bay and nearshore (Ref. 116109). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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 | 
 | 
 | 
| Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rubble; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Norenburg, J.L., 2009 | 
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Ref. | Schwartz, M.L. and J.L. Norenburg, 2005 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Thiel, M,, Kruse, I., 2001 | 
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Thiel, M,, Kruse, I., 2001 | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||