| Main Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Solitary (Ref. 2377). Carnivore; trophic level 3 (Ref. 96418). A littoral species (Ref. 96494); inhabits sand-scoured or circalittoral rock (Ref. 96497). Found attached to rocks and boulders in situations where strong water movement prevails (Ref. 96495). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Coggan, R. and M. Diesing, 2011 |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
| Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2010 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Schaal, G., P. Riera and C. Leroux, 2009 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||