| Main Ref. | Manríquez, P.H. and J.C. Castilla, 2005 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs from the low intertidal down to the subtidal along the Chilean and Peruvian coast (Ref. 381 and 1135). Isolated individuals or forming patches of matrices of barrel-like individuals with hard outer tunic cemented together on the substratum (Ref. 382); Solitary; a sessile, filter-feeder (Ref. 1135). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Villegas, M.J., J. Laudien, W. Sielfeld and W.E. Arntz, 2008 |
| Ref. | Manríquez, P.H. and J.C. Castilla, 2005 |
|---|---|
| Associations | solitary; epiphytic; |
| Associated with | Macrocystis integrifolia and Lessonia trabeculata . |
| Association remarks | Found on Macrocystis integrifolia kelp beds and Lessonia trabeculata kelp beds and patches on barren ground (Ref. 92519). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
| Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Manríquez, P.H. and J.C. Castilla, 2005 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||