| Main Ref. | Gaspar, M.B., M.D. Dias, A. Campos, C.C. Monteiro, M.N. Santos, A. Chicharo and L. Chicharo, 2001 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Benthic species with pelagic phases (Ref. 4225). Benthopelagic (Ref. 105043). This is a swimmer, carnivorous species (Ref. 96498). Enters coastal waters in loose shoals close to the sea surface (Ref. 4225). Opportunistic carnivore. Reported to exhibit cannibalism. Has a mixed diet of pelagic, benthic infauna and epibenthic animals (Ref. 105043). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Signa, G., J.E. Cartes, M. Solé, A. Serrano and F. Sánchez, 2008 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| संदर्भ | Gaspar, M.B., M.D. Dias, A. Campos, C.C. Monteiro, M.N. Santos, A. Chicharo and L. Chicharo, 2001 |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Le Pape, O., L. Baulier, A. Cloarec, J. Martin, F. Le Loc'h and Y. Désaunay, 2007 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Le Pape, O., L. Baulier, A. Cloarec, J. Martin, F. Le Loc'h and Y. Désaunay, 2007 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | टिप्पणी | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.46 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| संदर्भ | |||||