| Main Ref. | Kramp, P.L., 1961 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs in semi-enclosed basins of marginal seas (Ref. 122853) and also found offshore (Ref. 122855). Before the chitin-covered podocysts develop into adults, they remain dormant for at least 6 years. Jellyfish blooms occur by mass excystment of these podocysts upon exposure to high temperatures (Ref. 100312). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
| Substrate | Pelagic; Soft Bottom: mud; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Kawahara, M., K. Ohtsu and S.-I. Uye, 2013 | 
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Ref. | Kramp, P.L., 1961 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Uye, S.-I., 2008 | 
| Feeding habit | filtering plankton | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Uye, S.-I., 2008 | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.23 | 0.28 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||