| Main Ref. | Macpherson, E., 2004 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Benthic. Occurs in deep water (Ref. 93860). Found on rocky bottoms (Ref. 103032) as well as soft bottoms with sparse epifauna (Ref. 106495). Has a very diverse diet and is an opportunistic forager and scavenger (Ref. 93860). Feeds on benthic sessile and slow-moving organisms (Ref. 96496). Highly opportunistic and also displays necrophagy (Ref. 113076). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Naylor, J. R., W. R. Webber and J. D. Booth, 2005 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Arnaud, P.M. and J.C. Miquel, 1985 |
| Feeding habit | variable |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Griffiths, H.J., R.J. Whittle, S.J. Roberts, M. Belchier and K. Linse, 2013 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.53 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||