| Main Ref. | Nemenzo, F. Sr., 1986 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in all reef environments, often a dominant species of back reef margins (Ref. 848). Also on subtidal rock, rocky reefs, outer reef channel, back and foreslope and lagoons; occasionally in inter-reef soft substrate (Ref. 98471). Tends to form low heads or encrust rocks in shallow waters (Ref. 130769). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
						
						
						
  | 
						
						
						
						
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; lagoons; | 
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Ref. | Gilbert, A., T. Heintz, B.W. Hoeksema, F. Benzoni, J.M. Fernandez, C. Fauvelot and S. Andréfouët, 2015 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; | 
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Forms massive colonies (Ref. 104515). | 
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||