| Main Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Feeds on sea stars and sea urchins, including crown-of-thorns starfish (Ref. 122680). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.16 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||