| Main Ref. | Gappa, J.L., 2000 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | It is found in littoral and subtidal areas, encrusting on all types of substrate (Ref. 87801). An epibenthic-suspension/filter feeder that thrives in particulate organic matter and phytoplankton (Ref. 93816). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Ryland, J.S., 1962 | 
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; rock; | 
| Special habitats Ref. | Ryland, J.S., 1962 | 
| Ref. | Gappa, J.L., 2000 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; | 
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Macdonald, T.A., B.J. Burd, V.I. Macdonald and A. van Roodselaar, 2010 | 
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||