| Main Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Commonly encountered in lower intertidal and upper subtidal areas protected from strong wave action and current on sandy-muddy to rocky-coralline substrates (Ref. 80758); a dominant feature of clean sandy bottom in the subtidal zone away from freshwater influence, such as at Kaba Peninsula, Fiji (Ref. 82232). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 | 
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; rock; sea grass; Corals: hard corals; vegetation ( roots/holdfast, ); | 
| Special habitats Ref. | Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982 | 
| Ref. | Pickering, T. and S. Mario, 1999 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | epiphytic; | 
| Associated with | Hypnesa pannosa | 
| Association remarks | The subtidal area of Kaba Peninsula, Fiji, down to 1.5 m depth was dominated by turtlegrass and extensive beds of the edible green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa (nama). The horizontal stolons of Caulerpa plants were a conspicuous feature of the seabed, and other seaweeds (mainly Hypnea pannosa) were often found attached or tangled with them (Ref. 82332). | 
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||