| Main Ref. | Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry, 2009 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | In sheltered habitats where there is low wave action. In rocky shore, from lowermost midlittoral zone to upper subtidal. Also in deep tide pools. Epilithic; less common as epiphytic on coralline rhodophytes and epizoic on mussels (Ref. 115110). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry, 2009 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Ciancia, M., J. Alberghina, P.X. Arata, H. Benavides, F. Leliaert, H. Verbruggen and J.M. Estevez, 2012 |
|---|---|
| Associations | epiphytic; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||