| Main Ref. | Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found intertidal on mangrove trees and oyster-covered rocks (Ref. 75831). Attached via strong byssal threads to upper eulittoral rock; may occur in large beds on rock in sheltered habitats exposed to wave action (Ref. 102838). Part of fouling communities attached to raft frames in mariculture zones (Ref. 127121). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993 | 
| Special habitats | Beds: bivalve; vegetation ( stems/trunk, ); | 
| Special habitats Ref. | Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993 | 
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 | 
| Feeding habit | filtering plankton | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||