| Main Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Grows on solid substrates on reef or rocky shores exposed to moderately strong water movement (Ref. 80758). Also on mangrove prop roots, coral, rocks, or epiphytic up to a depth of 14 m (Ref. 83908). Gametophytes grow on rock faces and compacted sand and gravel (Ref. 89053). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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| Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 | 
| Special habitats | Beds: rock; Coral Reefs; | 
| Special habitats Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 | 
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
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| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | |
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| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||