Gastropoda |
Littorinimorpha |
Littorinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 0 - 46 m (Ref. 83435). Temperate; 81°N - 35°N, 95°W - 62°E (Ref. 83435)
Northeast Atlantic, Arctic, the Mediterranean and Eastern Pacific. Introduced in California. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.9 cm DL male/unsexed; (Ref. 83435); max. reported age: 3.00 years (Ref. 8702)
Main food based on another species of the same genus; to be replaced with a better reference (Ref. 96313).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
The species displays poecilogonony as its reproductive strategy. Claims of viviparity when young based on smaller species.
Harms, J. 1993 Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgoländer Meeresunters 47:1-34. (Ref. 2711)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.6 - 13.2, mean 10.9 (based on 168 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
