| Main Ref. | King, J.E., 1948 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | variable throughout range |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Eggs hatch into planktonic nauplii. The larvae undergo five nauplial, three protozoeal, and three mysis stages; then into two postlarval stages (Refs. 254, 79469). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Copulation occurs when the male attached its spermatophore to the thelycum of the female (Ref. 109188). Spawning may occur once or up to four times (Ref. 109189). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |