Main Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
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Remarks | Feeds mainly on krill offshore; and other prey items such as amphipods and fish. Their prey species varies geographically. Reports suggests a bimodal diurnal feeding rhythm with a primary peak in the early morning and a secondary one in the late evening. It takes 8 hours to digest their stomach contents (Ref. 79551). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Rice, D.W., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Tamura, T. and K. Konishi, 2005 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Tamura, T. and K. Konishi, 2005 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.20 | 0.40 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.89 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Tamura, T. and K. Konishi, 2005 |