Ecology Summary - Arbacia lixula

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Ecology of Arbacia lixula

Main Ref.	Koukouras, A. and M.-S. Kitsos, 2010
Remarks	Abundant in shallow rocky habitats (Ref. 122974), found specifically on subtidal rocky coasts to a depth of 80 m (Ref. 122972). Intertidal (Ref. 122980). Most commonly found on vertical rocky surfaces, exposed to a high degree of hydrodynamic forces (Ref. 122974). Lives in reef slopes, but mainly in the sandy bottom (Ref. 122928).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Arbacia lixula may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Sciani, J.M., A.K. Emerenciano, J.R.M. Cunha da Silva and D.C. Pimenta, 2016
Special habitats	Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; Other habitats: seamounts;
Special habitats Ref.	Cardigos, F., A. Colaço, P.R. Dando, S.P. Ávila, P.M. Sarradin, F. Tempera, P. Conceicao, A. Pascoal and R. Serrao Santos, 2005

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.