Main Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
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Remarks | Lives in matrilines throughout their lifetime (Ref. 97337). Commonly found in nearshore, cold temperate to subpolar waters (Refs. 1394, 936). Forms large social groups and strong social bonds. Feeds cooperatively (Ref. 122680). Feeds on sharks, large baleen whales (Ref. 122680), all oceanic cetaceans, pinniped, penguins, and other seabirds, leatherback turtles, squid and many types of fish (Refs. 1394, 936). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.50 | ||||
From individual food items | 4.65 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Pauly, D., A.W. Trites, E. Capuli and V. Christensen, 1998 |